PPT

PPT-English

CLASSIFICATION OF ROBOTS FOR THEIR GEOMETRY

                                         

                   
                                        CLASSIFICATION OF ROBOTS 

This classification is directly related to industrial manipulators and is based on the

Configuration of the joints of the three main axes.

ROBOT CARTESIANO.- Has three linear PPP axes of movement, perpendicular to each other, this

Type of configuration gives rise to robots of high precision, speed and

Constant carrying capacity throughout its reach, wide area of

Work and simplification of the control system. They present a bad

Relation between their workload and the space they occupy in

plant. They are used in applications that require linear

High precision and in cases where the work area is basically.

CYLINDRICAL ROBOT

It is a RPP robot, with rotational movement in the base and two axes

Perpendicular, the second of which is parallel to that of the base, as

And as illustrated in the respective figure. Its rotational axis causes

This robot presents better maneuverability and speed than the

Cartesian robot.

Its control system is quite simple and finds its application in

Unobstructed installations, where the machines are distributed

Radially and the access to the desired point is performed horizontally.

HUMANID ROBOTS

HUMANID ROBOTS

It is understood as humanoid robot at robot type that constructive and

Morphologically resembles a human being and can perform almost

Same functions as him.

In 1997, the Japanese company HONDA, released the robot P3, the

First humanoid able to imitate movements of the human body. To the

Next year, is held at Waseda University in Japan, the

WABIAN R-III, a humanoid robot. In 1999 at the CMU, Zeglin proposed

A new robot design with a leg called Bow Leg Hopper, a

Design that allows to store the potential energy of the leg.

A high percentage of the humanoid robots that are implemented today in

Try to imitate our motor system to move and interact with the environment that

Surrounds Of all the movements we make, walking is, without a doubt, the most complex

Of all of them, since, even if we do not realize it, walking is not just displacing our feet

On the floor, but our knees, hip, spine, arms, head ... come together for

Able to maintain balance at all times.

INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS

INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS

Industrial robotics can be defined as the study, design and use of robots for

Execution of industrial processes. Also know as

A multifunctional programmable manipulator, designed to

Moving parts, tools, special devices using

Various movements, programmed for the execution of

Various tasks.

Industrial Robot is understood to be a maneuvering device

And equipped with several joints, easily programmable

To carry out operations and intended to replace the activity

Physics of man in the repetitive, monotonous and

Dangerous

The sequence of movements is ordered in order that

Is desired to do, being fundamental the memorization of the sequences corresponding to the

Various movements. The rectilinear and rotating displacements are pneumatic,

Hydraulic or electric.

The development of the multi-articulated artificial arm, or manipulator, led the modern robot. He

American inventor George Devol developed in 1954 a primitive arm that could be

Scheduled to perform specific tasks.

MOBILE ROBOTS

                                                         MOBILE ROBOTS

Mobile robots are devices that can use as a medium

Of locomotion, wheels or legs, depending on their application, and

Throughout history have been developed for the purpose of

Scientific and / or research.

With the coming of new planning and

Automatic reasoning, from 1966 to 1972 was developed in the SRI the first mobile robot

Called Shakey1, Which was an independent mobile platform controlled by vision through

A camera and equipped with a touch detector. From that point on, research and

Design of mobile robots (which had very different characteristics between them) grew

Exponentially.

In the early seventies, the robot Newt2

Was developed by Hollis. The robot

Hilare3

 Developed at the LAAS in France. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)

Developed the Lunar rover 4, Particularly designed for planetary exploration.

At the end of that decade, Moravec developed the robot Stanford cart5, Capable of following a

Path delimited by a line established on a surface, in SAIL. In 1983, the

Robot Raibert6, Was developed at MIT, a single-legged robot designed to study the

Stability of these systems. At the beginning of the nineties, Vos et al. They developed

A robot "unicycle" 7

(A single wheel, similar to a bicycle) at MIT.

Years later, in 1994, the CMU Robotics Institute developed the robot Dante II8, a

Six-leg system. In 1996 also in the CMU, the robot Gyrover9 was developed, a

Absent mechanism of wheels and legs based on the operation of the gyroscope.

CATEGORIZATION OF ROBOTICS

CATEGORIZATION OF ROBOTICS

FOUNDATIONS OF THE ROBOTICS

                                      INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTICS

Robotics is a discipline dedicated to the study, design, realization and management of robots.

The first requirement in the conceptualization of robotics, then seems clear: the definition

Contextualized robot in all areas under a current perspective.

The analysis of the historical evolution, will deserve a specific treatment in a section

later. Robotics is characterized by a certain conceptual dispersion, which has led to

Some definitions throughout the history, on the one hand the Webster dictionary defines a

Robot as: "An automatic device that performs functions normally assigned to the

Human beings, or a machine in the form of a human being "

The term robot, comes from the Czech word robota, which means 'obligatory work' and was

Employed for the first time in the play of 1921 R.U.R. (Universal Robots of Rossum)

By the Czech novelist and playwright Karel Capek.

Since then the word robot has been used to refer to a machine that performs

To help people or perform difficult or unpleasant tasks

Robotics is an area of ​​mechatronics applied, this

Confluence of several areas: mechanics, electricity, electronics, automation and informatics,

That make the study of a robot enormously attractive to specialists in

Any of them.

Incorporating new arguments related to robotics and some new areas

Important scientific developments developed today as Artificial Intelligence, is

Possible to consider a new concept of robot as the closest to our

"Robot is all that device that acts in a real environment and that is capable of

Establish some kind of intelligent connection between perception and action, "which integrates all

The types of robots developed in all areas such as: scientific exploration,

Industrial and humanoid.